About the GMRS License
The only thing you need to get your GMRS license is to pay $35 to
the FCC. (There are some bureaucratic steps you have to take first --
check out
this guide.) That gets you a 10-year license for you and your whole family.
The FCC will probably never harass you if you use a GMRS without a
license. (not legal advice) However, you won't be able to get permission
to use GMRS repeaters without a license, and that practice is crucial
for practicing for effective emergency response.
About the Ham License
The best way to learn Ham radio is by doing Ham radio. To do Ham radio -- to get on the air and talk to people -- you need a license. This practice is especially important to prepare for emergency communications!
The best way to get your license is to study for the license exam. Focus on passing the test first. Worry about actually learning Ham after you get your first license!
So how do you study for the exam? First, go to HamStudy.org, go to "Technician" (the first license) and select "Study Mode". You can also download the HamStudy app. This is the most effective way to prepare for your technician exam for most people!
Take Your Ham Test!
It's easy to schedule an online exam. Go to this ARRL page and schedule one for pretty much any day and time you like. Many of us have had good experiences testing with the Greater LA Radio Group. (GLAARG) Expect to pay $10-$15 for your exam and read the instructions closely!
After you take (and pass!) your test, you will get a link to pay the FCC their $35 and then, in a week or two, you'll receive your call sign and be ready to get on the air!
Note that the address you put on your FCC license application will be publicly searchable online. We suggest using a PO Box or community center's address, which is legal as long as you can receive mail there.